Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 2019; 29(01): 15-25
DOI: 10.1055/a-0826-1014
Übersicht
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Körperliche Aktivität und deren Effekte auf das Burn-out-Syndrom – Ein systematisches Review

Physical Activity and Its Effects On Burnout Syndrome – A Systematic Review
Matthias Dreher
1   Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Abteilung Sportmedizin, Prävention und Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
,
Nils Dößereck
1   Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Abteilung Sportmedizin, Prävention und Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
,
Ella Lachtermann
1   Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Abteilung Sportmedizin, Prävention und Rehabilitation, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
18 February 2019 (online)

Zusammenfassung

Das vorliegende Review legt dar, dass regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität einen positiven Einfluss auf die Burn-out-Symptomatik hat. Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche wurden die möglichen Effekte untersucht und die Evidenz mithilfe des Standard Index of Convergence (SIC) bewertet. Der SIC lag in den Längsschnittstudien bei SIC (3)=− 1, während er in den Interventionsstudien bei SIC (6)=− 0,50 lag. Daher ist jeweils von einer moderat starken Evidenz auszugehen, dass körperliche Aktivität einen positiven gesundheitlichen Effekt auf das Burn-out-Syndrom hat. Aufgrund der Heterogenität der Erhebungstools und der Studienlage ist es notwendig, weitere qualitativ hochwertige Studien zur Burn-out-Thematik durchzuführen, um repräsentative Aussagen zu gewährleisten. Unabhängig von den positiven präventiven und therapeutischen Effekten ist die regelmäßige körperliche Aktivität ein grundlegender, jedoch kein alleiniger Ansatzpunkt, um der Erschöpfungssymptomatik vorzubeugen und entgegenzuwirken. Eine ausgewogene Life-Balance (privates Umfeld, berufliches Umfeld und Hygiene der Grundbedürfnisse) ist daher unerlässlich.

ABSTRACT

Physical activity shows preventive and positive treatment effects on burnout syndromes. A systematic literature research was performed to prove possible effects on burnout. Positive effects were found and the Standard Index of Convergence (SIC) showed a moderately strong evidence for both, longitudinal studies SIC (3)=− 1 and interventional studies SCI (6)=− 0.50, that physical activity is suited for threatening burnout syndromes. Because of widespread heterogeneity and difficulties in study comparability, further research is needed. Independent of the positive and preventive effects of physical activity, a good life balance in private and work environment as well as self-care is of fundamental importance. Therefore, a combination of multiple settings, like cognitive training, relaxation exercise, stress management and physical activity seems to be optimal for preventing burnout.

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Behrends-Krahnen E. Burnout – eine Herausforderung im Coaching. Organisationsberatung, Supervision, Coaching 2010; 18: 333-341
  • 2 Bennett DS, Ambrosini PJ, Kudes D. et al. Gender differences in adolescent depression: do symptoms differ for boys and girls?. J Affect Disord 2005; 89: 35-44
  • 3 Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE. et al. Sedentary time and its association with risk for disease incidence, mortality, and hospitalization in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2015; 162: 123-132
  • 4 Brühlmann T. Burnout und Depression – Überschneidung und Abgrenzung. Swiss Medical Forum 2010; 10: 148-151
  • 5 Burisch M. Das Burnout-Syndrom: Theorie der inneren Erschöpfung – Zahlreiche Fallbeispiele – Hilfen zur Selbsthilfe. 5., überarb. Aufl. 2014 ed Berlin, Heidelberg: SpringerMedizin; 2014. 292
  • 6 Busch MA, Maske UE, Ryl L. et al. Prävalenz von depressiver Symptomatik und diagnostizierter Depression bei Erwachsenen in Deutschland. Bundesgesundheitsblatt – Gesundheitsforschung – Gesundheitsschutz. 2013; 56: 733-739
  • 7 Carek PJ, Laibstain SE, Carek SM. Exercise for the treatment of depression and anxiety. Int J Psychiatry Med 2011; 41: 15-28
  • 8 Cooney GM, Dwan K, Greig CA. et al. Exercise for depression. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2013; CD004366
  • 9 Dunn AL, Trivedi MH, Kampert JB. et al. Exercise treatment for depression: efficacy and dose response. Am J Prev Med 2005; 28: 1-8
  • 10 Freitas AR, Carneseca EC, Paiva CE. et al. Impact of a physical activity program on the anxiety, depression, occupational stress and burnout syndrome of nursing professionals. Revista latino-americana de enfermagem 2014; 22: 332-336
  • 11 Freudenberger H. Counseling and dynamics: Treating the end-stage person. In: JW J. (editor.) The burnout syndrome. Park Ridge,III: London House Press; 1982
  • 12 Gerber M, Brand S, Elliot C. et al. Aerobic exercise training and burnout: a pilot study with male participants suffering from burnout. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6: 78
  • 13 Gerber M, Puhse U. Review article: do exercise and fitness protect against stress-induced health complaints? A review of the literature. Scand J Public Health 2009; 37: 801-819
  • 14 Glass DC, McKnight JD. Perceived control, depressive symptomatology and professional burnout: A review of the evidence. Psychology and Health 1996; 11: 23-48
  • 15 Greist JH, Klein MH, Eischens RR. et al. Running as treatment for depression. Compr Psychiatry 1979; 20: 41-54
  • 16 Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR. et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007; 116: 1081-1093
  • 17 Heyward VA, Gibson AL. Advanced fitness assessment and exercise prescription. Heyward VA, Gibson AL. (editors.) Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 2014
  • 18 Hu NC, Chen JD, Cheng TJ. The Associations Between Long Working Hours, Physical Inactivity, and Burnout. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2016; 58: 514-518
  • 19 Huber G, Pfeifer K. Evidenzbasierung der verhaltensorientierten Sport- und Bewegungstherapie. In: Schüle K, Huber G. (Hrsg.) Grundlagen der Sportund Bewegungstherapie. Köln: Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag; 2012: 340-349
  • 20 Ishak WW, Lederer S, Mandili C. et al. Burnout during residency training: a literature review. J Grad Med Educ 2009; 1: 236-242
  • 21 Jonsdottir IH, Rodjer L, Hadzibajramovic E. et al. A prospective study of leisure-time physical activity and mental health in Swedish health care workers and social insurance officers. Preventive medicine. 2010; 51: 373-377
  • 22 Kaschka WP, Korczak D, Broich K. Burnout: a fashionable diagnosis. Deutsches Ärzteblatt international 2011; 108: 781-787
  • 23 Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT. et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ 2016; 354: i3857
  • 24 Lindegard A, Jonsdottir IH, Borjesson M. et al. Changes in mental health in compliers and non-compliers with physical activity recommendations in patients with stress-related exhaustion. BMC psychiatry 2015; 15: 272
  • 25 Lindwall M, Gerber M, Jonsdottir IH et al. The relationships of change in physical activity with change in depression, anxiety, and burnout: a longitudinal study of Swedish healthcare workers. Health psychology: official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association 2014: 33: 1309–1318
  • 26 Linzer M, Visser MR, Oort FJ. et al. Predicting and preventing physician burnout: results from the United States and the Netherlands. Am J Med 2001; 111: 170-175
  • 27 Litzcke S, Schuh H. Stress, Mobbing und Burn-out am Arbeitsplatz: Umgang mit Leistungs- und Zeitdruck; Belastungen im Beruf meistern; mit Fragebögen, Checklisten, Übungen. 5., aktualisierte Aufl. ed. Berlin [u. a.]: Springer; 2010
  • 28 Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF. et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2010; 67: 220-229
  • 29 Maslach C, Jackson SE. The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupatinal behaviour 1981; 2: 99-113
  • 30 Melamed S, Shirom A, Toker S. et al. Burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence, possible causal paths, and promising research directions. Psychol Bull 2006; 132: 327-353
  • 31 Melamed S, Shirom A, Toker S. et al. Burnout and risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of apparently healthy employed persons. Psychosom Med 2006; 68: 863-869
  • 32 Naczenski LM, Vries JD, Hooff M. et al. Systematic review of the association between physical activity and burnout. Journal of occupational health 2017; 59: 477-494
  • 33 Olson SM, Odo NU, Duran AM. et al. Burnout and Physical Activity in Minnesota Internal Medicine Resident Physicians. Journal of graduate medical education 2014; 6: 669-674
  • 34 Ostacoli L, Cavallo M, Zuffranieri M. et al. Comparison of experienced burnout symptoms in specialist oncology nurses working in hospital oncology units or in hospices. Palliat Support Care 2010; 8: 427-432
  • 35 Paykel ES, Brugha T, Fryers T. Size and burden of depressive disorders in Europe. European neuropsychopharmacology: the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 15: 411-423
  • 36 Peters S, Götz V, Kannegießer D. et al. Burn-out wirksam vorbeugen mit bewegungsbezogenen Interventionen?. B & G 2014; 30: 6-12
  • 37 Reiner M, Niermann C, Jekauc D. et al. Long-term health benefits of physical activity – a systematic review of longitudinal studies. BMC Public Health 2013; 13: 813
  • 38 Sotile WM, Sotile MO. Beyond physician burnout: keys to effective emotional management. The Journal of medical practice management: MPM 2003; 18: 314-318
  • 39 Staiano AE, Marker AM, Martin CK. et al. Physical activity, mental health, and weight gain in a longitudinal observational cohort of nonobese young adults. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24: 1969-1975
  • 40 Stenlund T, Birgander LS, Lindahl B. et al. Effects of Qigong in patients with burnout: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2009; 41: 761-767
  • 41 Toker S, Biron M. Job burnout and depression: unraveling their temporal relationship and considering the role of physical activity. The Journal of applied psychology 2012; 97: 699-710
  • 42 Tsai HH, Yeh CY, Su CT. et al. The effects of exercise program on burnout and metabolic syndrome components in banking and insurance workers. Ind Health 2013; 51: 336-346
  • 43 Unger HP. Work-related depression. Psychiatr Prax 2007; 34 (Suppl. 03) 256-260 Epub 2007/ 10/27. Depression und Arbeitswelt
  • 44 Van Rhenen W, Blonk RW, van der Klink JJ. et al. The effect of a cognitive and a physical stress-reducing programme on psychological complaints. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2005; 78: 139-148
  • 45 Walter U, Krugmann CS, Plaumann M. Burn-out wirksam prävenieren?. Bundesgesundheitsblatt – Gesundheitsforschung – Gesundheitsschutz 2012; 55: 172-182
  • 46 Warburton DE, Nicol CW, Bredin SS. Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. CMAJ 2006; 174: 801-809
  • 47 Weight CJ, Sellon JL, Lessard-Anderson CR. et al. Physical activity, quality of life, and burnout among physician trainees: The effect of a team-based, incentivized exercise program. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2013; 88: 1435-1442
  • 48 WHO. Internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen: ICD-10 Kapitel V (F). Klinisch-diagnostische Leitlinien. Dilling H, Mombour W, Schmid MH. (editors.) Bern: Verlag Hans Huber; 2011
  • 49 Wielenga-Meijer EG, Taris TW, Kompier MA. et al. From task characteristics to learning: A systematic review. Scandinavian journal of psychology 2010; 51: 363-375