Download PDF
Drug Res (Stuttg) 2019; 69(05): 291-296
DOI: 10.1055/a-0802-9041
Original Article
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Jobelyn Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Memory Performance in Mice Exposed to Anoxic Stress

Osarume Omorogbe
1   Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

received 10 September 2018

accepted 19 November 2018

Publication Date:
10 December 2018 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective Chronic stress impairs memory by damaging brain cells via induction of oxidative stress. Hence, the use of agents with antioxidant activity is being investigated as potential drugs against chronic stress-induced memory decline. This study evaluated the effect of Jobelyn® (JB), a potent antioxidant food supplement on memory deficit induced by anoxic stress in mice and on brain levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress.

Method Male mice were distributed into 6 groups (n=6): group 1 (non-stress control) and group 2 (stress control) were a given saline, groups 3–5 received JB (5, 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) while group 6 had donepezil-DP (1 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later, mice in groups 2–5 were exposed twice to anoxic condition for 15 min in acute anoxic stress. However, in sub-chronic anoxic stress, mice in groups 2–6 were subjected to the same anoxic condition for 15 min twice daily for 5 consecutive days. Thereafter, memory performance was assessed in each case using Y-maze paradigm. The concentrations of biomarkers of oxidative stress (glutathione and malondialdehyde) were only determined in the brains of mice exposed to sub-chronic anoxic stress.

Results Mice exposed to sub-chronic anoxic stress had impaired memory function, which was significantly attenuated by JB. The increased oxidative stress as shown by elevated levels of malondialdehyde and decreased concentrations of glutathione was also reduced by JB.

Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the antioxidant activity of Jobelyn® might be contributing to its ability to attenuate sub-chronic anoxic stress-induced memory deficits in mice.

Key word

Jobelyn - anoxic stress - memory impairment - oxidative stress
 

  • References

  • 1 Slotkin TA, Lappi SE, McCook EC. et al. Loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance after prenatal l nicotine exposure: Implication s for sudden infant death syndrome. Brain Res Bull 1995; 38: 69-75
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Kim JJ, Yoon KS. Strss: Metaplastic effects in the hippocampus. Trends Neurosci 1998; 21: 506-509
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Moser EI, Krobert KA, Moser M-B. et al. Impaired spatial learning after saturation of long-term potentiation. Science 1998; 281: 2038-2042
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Joels M, de Kloet ER. Mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated changes in membrane properties of rat CA1 pyramidal neurons in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 4497-4498
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Reul JMHM, de Kloet ER. Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: Microdistribution and differential occupation. Endocrinology 1985; 117: 2505-2511
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Wu Q, Chen W, Sinha B. et al. Neuroprotective agents for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Drug Discov 2015; 20: 1372-1381
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Cooper DJ. Induced hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: Pathophysiology, currenttreatment, and nursing considerations. Neonatal Netw 2011; 30: 29-35
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Volpe JJ. Perinatal brain injury: From pathogenesis to neuroprotection. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2001; 7: 56-64
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Low JA. Determining the contribution of asphyxia to brain damage in the neonate. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2004; 30: 276-286
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Vannucci SJ, Hagberg H. Hypoxia-ischemia in the immature brain. J Exp Biol 2004; 207: 3149-3154
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Aridas JDS, Yawno T, Sutherland AE. et al. Memory and the septohippocampal cholinergic system in the rat. Psychopharmacology 1983; 81: 315-320
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Kluck RM, Bossy-Wetzel E, Green DR. et al. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: A primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis. Science 1997; 275: 1132-1136
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Yang J, Liu X, Bhalla K. et al. Prevention of apoptosis by Bcl-2: Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria blocked. Science 1997; 275: 1129-1132
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Wang H-G, Pathan N, Ethell IM. et al. Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD. Sceince 1999; 284: 339-343
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Gavrieli Y, Sherman Y, Ben-Sasson SA. Identification of programmed cell death in situ via specific labeling of nuclear DNA fragmentation. J Cell Biol 1992; 119: 493-501
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Umukoro S, Ugbomah A, Aderibigbe AO. et al. Antioxidant property of Jobelyn as the possible mechanism underlying its anti-amnesic effect in rodents. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience 2013; 4: 42-49
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Dykes L, Rooney L. Preview-Sorghum and millet phenols antioxidants. Journal of Cereal Science 2006; 44: 236-251
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 SubhadraDevi V, Ushanandhini R, Kuppusamy AK. et al. Antioxidant activity of Cassia auriculata Linn flowers. 2011; 2: 490-498
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Awika JM, Rooney LW. Sorghum phytochemicals and their potential impact on Human Health. Phytochemistry 2004; 65: 1199-1121
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Liu R, Gao M, Qiang GF. et al. The anti-amnesic effects of Luteolin against Amyloid β25-35 peptide-induced toxicity in Mice involve the protection of neurovascular unit. Neuroscience 2009; 162: 1232-1243
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Heo HJ, Kim M, Lee J. et al. Naringenin from Citrus junos has an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase and a mitigating effect on amnesis. Dementia and Geratric cognitive disorders 2004; 17: 151-157
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Erah PO, Asonye CC, Okhamafe AO. Response of Trypanosoma brucei-induced anaemia to a commercial herbal preparation. African Journal of Biochemistry 2003; 2: 307-311
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Okochi VI, Okpuzor J, Okubena MO. et al. The influence of African herbal formula on the haematological parameters of trypanosome infected rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 2003; 2: 312-316
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Benson KF, Beaman JL, Ou B. et al. West African Sorghum bicolor leaf sheaths have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties in vitro. Journal of Medicinal Food 2013; 16: 1-9
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Casadesus G, Zhu X, Lee HG. Neurogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease: Compensation, crisis, or chaos?. In: Janigro D. (eds.) The cell cycle in the central nervous system. Totowa: Humana Press; 2006: 359-370
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Moron MS, Depierre JW, Mannervik B. Levels of glutathione, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat lung and liver. Biochimica et Biophyica ACTA 1979; 582: 67-78
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yagi K. Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 1979; 5: 351-358
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Buege and Aust . Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology 1978; 52: 302-310
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Kuhlmann S, Piel M, Wolf OT. Impaired Memory Retrieval after Psychosocial Stress in Healthy Young Men. Journal of Neuroscience 2005; 25: 2977-2982
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 de Quervain DJ-F, Roozendaal B, McGaugh JL. Stress and glucocorticoids impair retrieval of long-term spatial memory. Nature 1998; 394: 787-790
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 McEwen BS, Sapolsky RM. Stress and cognitive function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1995; 5: 205-216
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Esch T, Stefano GB, Fricchione GL. et al. The role of stress in neurodegenerative diseases and mental disorders. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2002; 23: 199-208
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Oitzl MS, Reichardt HM, Joels M. et al. Point mutation in the mouse glucocorticoid receptor preventing DNA binding impairs spatial memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001; 98: 12790-12795
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Heinrichs SC, Stenzel-Poore MP, Gold LH. et al. Learning impairment in transgenic mice with central overexpression of corticotropin-releasing factor. Neuroscience 1996; 74: 303-311
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Clark RE, Zola SM, Squire LR. Impaired recognition memory in rats after damage to the hippocampus. J Neurosci 2000; 20: 8853-8860
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Turrens JF. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. “ Journal of Physiology 2003; 552: 335-344
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Liu J, Atamna H, Kuratsune H. et al. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 959: 133-166
    CrossrefPubMed
  • 38 Carney JM, Starke-Reed PE, Oliver CN. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 3633-3636
    CrossrefPubMed
  • 39 Fredriksson A, Archer T. Alpha-phenyl-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) reverses age-related maze learning performance and motor activity deficits in C57 BL/6 mice. Behav Pharmacol 1996; 7: 245-253
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Hermes-Limas M, Moreira DC, Ingraham GR. et al. Preparation for oxidative stress under anoxia and metabolic depression: Revisiting the proposal two decades later. Free radic Biol Med 2015; 1122-1143
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Wilhelm Filho D, Torres MA, Marcon JL. et al. Comparative antioxidant defenses in vertebrates—emphasis on fish and mammals. Trends Comp Biochem Physiol 2000; 7: 33-45
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Floyd RA, Hensley K, Forster MJ. et al. Nitrones as neuroprotectants and anti-aging drugs. Ann NY Acad Sci 2002; 959: 321-329. 33
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Tabet N, Mantle D, Orrell M. Free radicals as mediators of toxicity in Alzheimer's disease: A review and hypothesis. Adverse Drug Reaction and Toxicol Review 2000; 19: 127-152
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Myhrer T. Neurotransmitter systems involved in learning and memory in the rat: A meta-analysis based on studies of four behavioral tasks. Brain Research Review 2003; 41: 268-287
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Willmore WG, Storey KB. Glutathione systems and anoxia tolerance in turtles. Am J Physiol 1997; 273: 219-225
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Hermes-Lima M, Zerteno-Savin T. Animal response to drastic changes in oxygen availability and physiological oxidative stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 133: 537-556
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Wilhelm Filho D, Torres MA, Marcon JL. et al. Comparative antioxidant defenses in vertebrates—emphasis on fish and mammals. Trends Comp Biochem Physiol 2000; 7: 33-45
    PubMedGoogle Scholar