Download PDF
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128(08): 556-562
DOI: 10.1055/a-0801-8730
Article

Reduced Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Post-Menopausal Overweight-Obese Women with Higher Lipid Accumulation Product Index

Elana Stein
1   Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
,
Igor Martins Silva
2   Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
,
Gilson P. Dorneles
2   Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
,
Fabio Santos Lira
5   Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Post-Graduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo – UNESP. School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
,
Pedro Romão
2   Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
,
Alessandra Peres
1   Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
3   Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
4   Research Center, Graduate Program in Bioscience and Rehabilitation, Methodist University Center IPA, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Background and Aims The main aim of this study was to analyze how the lipid accumulation affects the whole-body fat oxidation over a range of intensities during a submaximal incremental exercise test in post-menopausal overweight-obese women.

Patients and Methods The maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the intensity where the MFO occurs (FatMax), fat oxidation were measured over a range of intensities during a submaximal incremental exercise test through indirect calorimetry in 60 postmenopausal overweight-obese women (aged>49 years; body mass index 28.0 to 39.0 kg/m²). The metabolic profile of participants was evaluated and the LAP index was calculated (waist-58×triglycerides [mmol/L]). A cutoff point of 34.5 was adopted and participant were designed as low LAP index (n=30) or high LAP index (n=30).

Results During submaximal exercise postmenopausal overweight-obese women with low LAP index showed a higher fat oxidation at 50% (0.53±0.05 vs. 0.45±0.12 g/min; p=0.01), 60% (0.40±0.06 vs. 0.31±0.16 g/min; p=0.02) and 70% (0.34±0.08 vs. 0.25±0.15 g/min; p=0.03) of VO2Peak than those with high LAP index. No significant difference was observed in carbohydrate oxidation between groups (p>0.05) during exercise. Moreover, a significant difference in absolute MFO (p=0.018), MFO relative to free fat mass (p=0.043) and FatMax (p=0.002) was identified.

Conclusion Postmenopausal overweight-obese women who showed unhealthy metabolic phenotype evaluated through LAP index presented low fat oxidation during a submaximal incremental exercise.

Key words

fatmax - lipid oxidation - exercise - metabolism - obesity


Publication History

Received: 17 September 2018
Received: 09 November 2018

Accepted: 19 November 2018

Article published online:
10 December 2018

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York

 

  • References

  • 1 González-Muniesa P, Mártinez-González MA, Hu FB. et al. Obesity. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2017; 3: 17034
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Tumova J, Andel M, Trnka J. Excess of free fatty acids as a cause of metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle. Physiol Rev 2016; 65: 193-207
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Lovejoy JC, Champagne CM, de Jonge L. et al. Increased visceral fat and decreased energy expenditure during the menopausal transition. Int J Obes 2008; 32: 949-958
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Kahn HS. The “lipid accumulation product” performs better than the body mass index for recognizing cardiovascular risk: A population-based comparison. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2005; 5: 26
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Wehr E, Plitz S, Boehm BO. et al. The lipid accumulation product is associated with increased mortality in normal weight postmenopausal women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19: 1873-1880
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Venables MC, Achten J, Jeukendrup AE. Determinants of fat oxidation during exercise in healthy men and women: A cross-sectional study. J Appl Physiol 2005; 98: 160-167
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Venables MC, Jeukendrup AE. Endurance training and obesity: Effect on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2008; 40: 495-502
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Perez-Martin A, Dumortier M, Raynaud E. et al. Balance of substrate oxidation during submaximal exercise in lean and obese people. Diabetes Metab 2001; 27: 466-474
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M. et al. Fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults. PLoS One 2014; 9: e88707
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Maunder E, Plews DJ, Kilding AE. Contextualising maximal fat oxidation during exercise: Determinants and Normative Values. Front Physiol 2018; 9: 599
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clinical Chemistry 1972; 18: 499-502
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Frayn KN. Calculation of substrate oxidation rates in vivo from gaseous exchange. J Appl Physiol 1983; 55: 628-634
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Maturana MA, Moreira RM, Spritzer PM. Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is related to androgenicity and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Maturitas 2011; 70: 395-399
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Lee IM. et al. Sex hormone levels and risk of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. Circulation 2003; 108: 1688-1693
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Nascimento-Ferreira MV, Rendo-Urteaga T, Vilanova-Campelo RC. et al. The lipid accumulation product is a powerful tool to predict metabolic syndrome in undiagnosed Brazilian adults. Clin Nutr 2017; 36: 1693-1700
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Wang CH, Wang CC, Wei YH. Mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin insensitivity: Implication of mitochondrial role in type 2 diabetes. Ann NY Acad Sci USA 2010; 1201: 157-165
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Robinson SL, Chambers ES, Fletcher G. et al. Lipolytic markers, insulin and resting fat oxidation are associated with maximal fat oxidation. Int J Sports Med 2016; 37: 607-613
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Shook RP, Hand GA, Paluch AE. et al. High respiratory quotient is associated with increases in body weight and fat mass in young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70: 1197-1202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Lee S, Rivera-Vega M, Alsayed HM. et al. Metabolic inflexibility and insulin resistance in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Diabetes 2015; 16: 211-218
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Rosenkilde M, Nordby P, Nielsen LB. et al. Fat oxidation at rest predicts peak fat oxidation during exercise and metabolic phenotype in overweight men. Int J Obes 2010; 34: 871-877
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Blaak EE, van Aggel-Leijssen DP, Wagenmakers AJ. et al. Impaired oxidation of plasma-derived fatty acids in type 2 diabetic subjects during moderate-intensity exercise. Diabetes 2000; 49: 2102-2107
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Houmard JA. Intramuscular lipid oxidation and obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294: R1111-R1116
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Sun J, Huang T, Qi Z. et al. Early mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle to obesity and obesity resistance differentially regulated by high-fat diet. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2017; 125: 538-546
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Di Meo S, Iossa S, Venditti P. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: Role of mitochondria and other ROS sources. J Endocrinol 2017; 233: R15-R42
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Abildgaard J, Pedersen AT, Green CJ. et al. Menopause is associated with decreased whole body fat oxidation during exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304: E1227-E1236
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Isacco L, Duché P, Boisseau N. Influence of hormonal status on substrate utilization at rest and during exercise in the female population. Sports Med 2012; 42: 327-342
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Gower BA, Nagy TR, Blaylock ML. et al. Estradiol may limit lipid oxidation via Cpt 1 expression and hormonal mechanisms. Obes Res 2002; 10: 167-172
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Campbell SE, Febbraio MA. Effect of ovarian hormones on mitochondrial enzyme activity in the fat oxidation pathway of skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2001; 281: E803-E808
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Warfel JD, Bermudez EM, Mendoza TM. et al. Mitochondrial fat oxidation is essential for lipid-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6: 37941
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Van Pelt DW, Newsom SA, Schenk S. et al. Relatively low endogenous fatty acid mobilization and uptake helps preserve insulin sensitivity in obese women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39: 149-155
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Abildgaard J, Henstridge DC, Pedersen AT. et al. In vitro palmitate treatment of myotubes from postmenopausal women leads to ceramide accumulation, inflammation and affected insulin signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9: e101555
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Croci I, Hickman IJ, Wood RE. et al. Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: Fitness versus fatness. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2014; 39: 1352-1359
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Snowling NJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of different modes of exercise training on glucose control and risk factors for complications in type 2 diabetic patients: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2518-2527
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Ghanassia E, Brun JF, Fedou C. et al. Substrate oxidation during exercise: Type 2 diabetes is associated with a decrease in lipid oxidation and an earlier shift towards carbohydrate utilization. Diabetes Metab 2006; 32: 604-610
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Achten J, Gleeson M, Jeukendrup AE. Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002; 34: 92-97
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Bordenave S, Flavier S, Fédou C. et al. Exercise calorimetry in sedentary patients: Procedures based on short 3 min steps underestimate carbohydrate oxidation and overestimate lipid oxidation. Diabetes Metab 2007; 33: 379-384
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Dandanell S, Præst CB, Søndergård S. et al. Determination of the exercise intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation in individuals with obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42: 405-412
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar