Download PDF
Z Sex Forsch 2018; 31(03): 237-249
DOI: 10.1055/a-0664-4441
Originalarbeiten
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Pornografienutzung von Erwachsenen in Deutschland

Ergebnisse einer PilotstudieAdult Pornography Use in GermanyResults of a pilot study
Urszula Martyniuk
a   Institut für Sexualforschung und Forensische Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
,
Arne Dekker
a   Institut für Sexualforschung und Forensische Psychiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
24 September 2018 (online)

Also available at
   Buy Article Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung: Die bisherigen empirischen Studien zur Nutzung von Pornografie stützten sich zum Großteil auf nicht-repräsentative Selbstselektionsstichproben von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen.

Forschungsziele: Ziel der Studie war es, die Pornografienutzung von Erwachsenen zu untersuchen, und erstmalig für Deutschland einen Einblick in die Nutzung auch der älteren Generationen zu bekommen.

Methoden: Es wurde eine repräsentative Studie zur Erwachsenensexualität in Deutschland mit 1 155 Befragten im Alter zwischen 18 und 75 Jahren durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse: Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Befragten (96 % der Männer und 79 % der Frauen) hat schon mindestens einmal Pornografie angesehen, wobei das Alter beim ersten Pornografiekontakt für Männer und die jüngeren Generationen niedriger ist. Auch bei der Häufigkeit der Pornografienutzung gibt es große Geschlechter- und Generationenunterschiede und auch hier nutzen Männer und jüngere Befragte häufiger pornografisches Material. Während bei Frauen stärkere religiöse Bindung mit weniger Pornografienutzung einhergeht, ist die Tendenz bei den Männern nicht so deutlich bzw. teilweise umgekehrt. Die meisten Befragten geben an, dass ihre Pornografienutzung keine (59 %) bzw. nur positive (30 %) Auswirkungen auf ihr Sexualleben habe.

Schlussfolgerung: Die analysierten Daten bestätigen in der Tendenz bisherige Forschungsergebnisse. Es wird deutlich, dass nicht nur individuelle, sondern auch soziale und kulturelle Faktoren für das Erleben und die Nutzung von Pornografie von Bedeutung sind.

Abstract

Introduction: Previous empirical studies on pornography use are largely based on non-representative self-selection samples of adolescents and young adults.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate adult pornography consumption and, for the first time in Germany, to gain an insight into the use of pornography by older generations.

Methods: A representative study on adult sexuality in Germany was conducted with 1 155 respondents aged between 18 and 75 years.

Results: The vast majority of respondents (96 % of men and 79 % of women) have already looked at least once at pornography, whereby the age at first pornographic contact is lower for men and younger generations. There are also large gender and generation differences in the frequency of pornography use, with men and younger respondents using pornographic material more frequently. While among women a stronger commitment to religion is associated with less pornography use, the trend amongst men is not as clear or is partly reversed. Most respondents stated that their pornography use had no (59 %) or only positive (30 %) effects on their sex lives.

Conclusion: The data analysed tend to confirm the previous research results. It became clear that not only individual but also social and cultural factors are important with regard to the experience and use of pornography.

Schlüsselwörter

Erwachsenensexualität - Pornografie - quantitative Bevölkerungsbefragung - Sexualität und Religion

Key words

adult sexuality - population survey - pornography - sexuality and religion
 

  • Literatur

  • Abell JW, Steenbergh TA, Boivin MJ. Cyberporn Use in the Context of Religiosity. J Psychol Theol 2006; 34: 165-171
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Baltazar A, Helm Jr HW, McBride D. et al. Internet Pornography Use in the Context of External and Internal Religiosity. J Psychol Theol 2010; 38: 32-40
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Böhm M, Franz P, Dekker A. et al. Desire and Dilemma – Gender Differences in German Students’ Consumption of Pornography. Porn Studies 2015; 2: 76-92
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Cooper A. Sexuality and the Internet: Surfing into the New Millennium. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998; 1: 187-193
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Davis AC, Carrotte ER, Hellard ME. et al. What Behaviors Do Young Heterosexual Australians See in Pornography? A Cross-Sectional Study. J Sex Res 2018; 55: 310-319
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Dekker A, Matthiesen S. Studentische Sexualität im Wandel: 1966 – 1981 – 1996 – 2012. Z Sexualforsch 2015; 28: 245-271
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • de Visser RO, Smith AMA, Richters J. et al. Associations between Religiosity and Sexuality in a Representative Sample of Australian Adults. Arch Sex Behav 2007; 36: 33-46
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Döring N. Pornografie-Kompetenz: Definition und Förderung. Z Sexualforsch 2011; 24: 228-255
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Grimm P, Rhein S, Müller M. Porno im Web 2.0: Die Bedeutung sexualisierter Web-Inhalte in der Lebenswelt von Jugendlichen. Berlin: Vistas; 2010
    Google Scholar
  • Grubbs JB, Exline JJ, Pargament KI. et al. Internet Pornography Use, Perceived Addiction, and Religious/Spiritual Struggles. Arch Sex Behav 2017; 46: 1733-1745
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Häggström-Nordin E, Tydén T, Hanson U. et al. Experiences of and Attitudes towards Pornography among a Group of Swedish High School Students. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 2009; 14: 277-284
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Hald GM. Gender Differences in Pornography Consumption among Young Heterosexual Danish Adults. Arch Sex Behav 2006; 35: 577-585
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Hald GM, Malamuth NM. Self-Perceived Effects of Pornography Consumption. Arch Sex Behav 2008; 37: 614-625
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Hald GM, Štulhofer A. What Types of Pornography Do People Use and Do They Cluster? Assessing Types and Categories of Pornography Consumption in a Large-Scale Online Sample. J Sex Res 2016; 53: 849-859
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Hardy SA, Steelman MA, Coyne SM. et al. Adolescent Religiousness as a Protective Factor against Pornography Use. J Appl Dev Psychol 2013; 34: 131-139
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Löfgren-Mårtenson L, Månsson SA. Lust, Love, and Life: A Qualitative Study of Swedish Adolescents’ Perceptions and Experiences with Pornography. J Sex Res 2010; 47: 568-579
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • MacInnis CC, Hodson G. Do American States with More Religious or Conservative Populations Search More for Sexual Content on Google?. Arch Sex Behav 2015; 44: 137-147
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Mattebo M, Tydén T, Häggström-Nordin E. et al. Pornography and Sexual Experiences among High School Students in Sweden. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2014; 35: 179-188
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Matthiesen S, Dekker A, Briken P. Pilotstudie zur Erwachsenensexualität in Deutschland – Erste Ergebnisse zu Machbarkeit und Methodenvergleich. Z Sexualforsch 2018; 31: 218-236
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Matthiesen S, Martyniuk U, Dekker A. „What do girls do with porn?“: Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie, Teil 1. Z Sexualforsch 2011; 24: 326-352
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Morgan EM. Associations between Young Adults’ Use of Sexually Explicit Materials and Their Sexual Preferences, Behaviors, and Satisfaction. J Sex Res 2011; 48: 520-530
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Nelson LJ, Padilla-Walker LM, Carroll JS. “I Believe It is Wrong but I Still Do It”: A Comparison of Religious Young Men who Do versus Do Not Use Pornography. Psycholog Relig Spiritual 2010; 2: 136-147
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Owens EW, Behun RJ, Manning JC. et al. The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents: A Review of the Research. Sex Addict Compulsivity 2012; 19: 99-122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Patterson R, Price J. Pornography, Religion, and the Happiness Gap: Does Pornography Impact the Actively Religious Differently?. J Sci Study Relig 2012; 51: 79-89
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Perry SL. Not Practicing What You Preach: Religion and Incongruence Between Pornography Beliefs and Usage. J Sex Res 2018; 55: 369-380
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Perry SL, Whitehead AL. Only Bad for Believers? Religion, Pornography Use, and Sexual Satisfaction among American Men. J Sex Res. 2018 doi: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1423017
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Peter J, Valkenburg PM. The Use of Sexually Explicit Internet Material and Its Antecedents: A Longitudinal Comparison of Adolescents and Adults. Arch Sex Behav 2011; 40: 1015-1025
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Peter J, Valkenburg PM. Adolescents and Pornography: A Review of 20 Years of Research. J Sex Res 2016; 53: 509-531
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Price J, Patterson R, Regnerus M. et al. How Much More XXX is Generation X Consuming? Evidence of Changing Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Pornography Since 1973. J Sex Res 2016; 53: 12-20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Rasmussen KR, Kohut T. Does Religious Attendance Moderate the Connection between Pornography Consumption and Attitudes toward Women?. J Sex Res. 2017 doi: 10.1080/00224499.2017.1396571
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Rissel C, Richters J, de Visser RO. et al. A Profile of Pornography Users in Australia: Findings From the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships. J Sex Res 2017; 54: 227-240
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Rogala C, Tydén T. Does Pornography Influence Young Women’s Sexual Behavior?. Womens Health Issues 2003; 13: 39-43
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Sabina C, Wolak J, Finkelhor D. The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth. Cyberpsychol Behav 2008; 11: 691-693
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Schmidt G. Das große Der Die Das: Über das Sexuelle. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt; 1988
    Google Scholar
  • Schmidt G, Matthiesen S. “What do boys do with porn?”: Ergebnisse einer Interviewstudie, Teil 2. Z Sexualforsch 2011; 24: 353-378
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Shor E, Seida K. “Harder and Harder”? Is Mainstream Pornography Becoming Increasingly Violent and Do Viewers Prefer Violent Content?. J Sex Res. 2018 doi: 10.1080/00224499.2018.1451476
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Short MB, Kasper TE, Wetterneck CT. The Relationship between Religiosity and Internet Pornography Use. J Relig Health 2015; 54: 571-583
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Sørensen AD, Kjørholt VS. How Do Nordic Adolescents Relate to Pornography? A Quantitative Study. In: Knudsen SV, Mårtenson LL, Månsson SA. Hrsg. Generation P? Youth, Gender and Pornography. Kopenhagen: Danish School of Education Press; 2007: 87-102
    Google Scholar
  • Stack S, Wasserman I, Kern R. Adult Social Bonds and Use of Internet Pornography. Soc Sci Q 2004; 85: 75-88
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Starke K. Pornografie und Jugend – Jugend und Pornografie: Eine Expertise. Lengerich: Pabst; 2010
    Google Scholar
  • Svedin CG, Åkerman I, Priebe G. Frequent Users of Pornography: A Population Based Epidemiological Study of Swedish Male Adolescents. J Adolesc 2011; 34: 779-788
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Thomas JN. Outsourcing Moral Authority: The Internal Secularization of Evangelicals’ Anti-Pornography Narratives. J Sci Study Relig 2013; 52: 457-475
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Træen B, Nilsen TS, Stigum H. Use of Pornography in Traditional Media and on the Internet in Norway. J Sex Res 2006; 43: 245-254
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Træen B, Spitznogle K, Beverfjord A. Attitudes and Use of Pornography in the Norwegian Population 2002. J Sex Res 2004; 41: 193-200
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • van Oosten JMF, Peter J, Boot I. Women’s Critical Responses to Sexually Explicit Material: The Role of Hyperfemininity and Processing Style. J Sex Res 2015; 52: 306-316
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Whitehead AL, Perry SL. Unbuckling the Bible Belt: A State-Level Analysis of Religious Factors and Google Searches for Porn. J Sex Res 2018; 55: 273-283
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Willoughby BJ, Busby DM. In the Eye of the Beholder: Exploring Variations in the Perceptions of Pornography. J Sex Res 2016; 53: 678-688
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Wright PJ. U.S. Males and Pornography, 1973–2010: Consumption, Predictors, Correlates. J Sex Res 2013; 50: 60-71
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Wright PJ, Bae S, Funk M. United States Women and Pornography through Four Decades: Exposure, Attitudes, Behaviors, Individual Differences. Arch Sex Behav 2013; 42: 1131-1144
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • Zillich N. Pornografiekonsum unter Jugendlichen und die Flexibilisierung der Geschlechterrollen. Z Sexualforsch 2011; 24: 312-325
    PubMedGoogle Scholar