Prostaglandin E2 Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome in Endothelial Cells to Promote Diabetic Retinopathy

Yixin Wang; Jianxin Tao; Yong Yao

doi:10.1055/a-0664-0699

Hormone and Metabolic Research, Table of Contents

Horm Metab Res 2018; 50(09): 704-710
DOI: 10.1055/a-0664-0699

Endocrine Research

Prostaglandin E₂ Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome in Endothelial Cells to Promote Diabetic Retinopathy

Yixin Wang

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P. R. China

,

Jianxin Tao

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P. R. China

,

Yong Yao

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, P. R. China

› Author Affiliations

Abstract

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the leading cause of blindness and accounts for approximately 12% of all new cases of blindness. Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich repeat Receptor containing a Pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inﬂammasomes have been long considered to be associated with PDR. Levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were examined by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measurements. PGE₂ levels were analyzed by using the Prostaglandin E₂ Monoclonal EIA Kit. Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were stained with Annexin V/propidium iodide and analyzed by ﬂow cytometry for testing the apoptosis. Expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components under various conditions were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. Inﬂammasome markers and PGE₂ were highly expressed in the vitreous of PDR patients. PGE₂ and NLRP3 induced apoptosis of HRMECs. PGE₂ upregulated the expression of NLRP3 inﬂammasome components and inﬂammatory chemokines. Knockdown of NLRP3 attenuated the expression of NLRP3 inﬂammasome components and inhibited the effect of PGE₂. Our results suggest that PGE₂ levels and NLRP3 inﬂammasome activation are closely related to the pathogenesis of PDR and nonsteroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs may have a potential therapeutic effect on PDR.

Key words

proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) - NLRP3 inﬂammasomes - prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) - apoptosis

Full Text

References

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