Knoblauch zur Gesunderhaltung

Zusammenfassung

Die blutdruck-, lipid- und blutzuckersenkende sowie die antiatherogene, antioxidative und antiproliferative Wirkung von Zubereitungen aus weißem, gereiftem oder schwarzem Knoblauch ist in vielen experimentellen Studien untersucht. Die Wirkungsmechanismen für die einzelnen Wirkungen sind plausibel. Doch nicht alle Studien kamen zu einem einheitlich positiven Ergebnis, weshalb weitere Studien erforderlich sind, um die pharmakologischen Wirkungen zu definieren. Im Unterschied zu weißem Knoblauch hat schwarzer Knoblauch nur eine geringe Wirkung auf die Thrombozyten-Aggregation. Alle Zubereitungen aus Knoblauch wirken mehr oder weniger antientzündlich, immunstimulierend, antiallergisch und antibakteriell. Nur weißer Knoblauch wurde bisher experimentell auf spasmolytische, antivirale und antimykotische Wirkung untersucht.

Humanpharmakologische Untersuchungen liegen zur blutdrucksenkenden Wirkung, zur Wirkung auf Blutlipide und Homocystein, zur Gerinnungshemmung, zur rheologischen, antioxidativen und karminativen Wirkung vor. Zubereitungen aus Knoblauch sind nicht mutagen. Präklinische Studien zur Sicherheit während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit liegen nicht vor. Hohe Dosen von Zubereitungen aus weißem Knoblauch wirkten zytotoxisch und organschädigend, nicht aber Zubereitungen aus gereiftem oder schwarzem Knoblauch.

Abstract

Garlic for health maintenance. Part 2: Experimental and human pharmacological studies as well as preclinical safety data

Many experimental studies have investigated the blood pressure, lipid and blood sugar lowering as well as the anti-atherogenic, antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects of white, aged or black garlic preparations. Whereas the mechanisms of action for the individual effects are plausible, not all studies achieved consistent positive results. Accordingly, further studies are needed to define the pharmacological effects. Unlike white garlic, black garlic has little effect on platelet aggregation. All garlic preparations had more or less anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, antiallergic and antibacterial activities. However, only white garlic has been tested experimentally for spasmolytic, antiviral and antifungal activity.

Human pharmacological examinations are available for the blood pressure lowering effect, for the effects on blood lipids, homocysteine and blood coagulation, as well as rheological, antioxidant and carminative effects. Garlic preparations are not mutagenic. Preclinical studies on safety during pregnancy and lactation are not available. Although high doses of white garlic preparations exhibit cytotoxic and organ damaging effects, preparations of aged or black garlic do not.

Schlüsselwörter

Allium sativum L. - Knoblauch - Wirkungen - Pharmakologie - Sicherheit

Keywords

Allium sativum L. - garlic - effects - pharmacology - safety

^* Teil 1 s. Z Phytother 2018; 39: 63–65. doi:10.1055/a-0603-2566

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