Homeopathy 2015; 104(04): 337-342
DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.09.010
Original Paper
Copyright © The Faculty of Homeopathy 2015

Update on preliminary elements of a theory of ultra high dilutions

Jurgen Schulte
1   Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
,
Peter Christian Endler
2   Interuniversity College for Health and Development Graz/Castle of Seggau, Austria
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received11 June 2015
revised18 August 2015

accepted25 September 2015

Publication Date:
28 December 2017 (online)

Introduction: The different mechanisms: A. of the interaction between the molecular mother substance and the solvent water or ethanol B. of the storage of molecule-specific information in the solvent. C. the physiological basis of the sensitivity of the living organism towards an ultra high dilution (UHD). D. the mechanism of the interaction of the test dilution with the organism are largely unknown. Several ideas have been postulated, and experiments to test them carried out in physics and in biology.

Method: The authors revisited a 1994 contribution on ‘preliminary elements of a theory on UHDs’ and updated it with regard to more recent literature and research findings.

Results: Although the experimental basis can still be questioned in most cases, remarkable fundamental observations have been made to explain the effects of UHDs. For some topics in question, it appears that information specific properties of the diluted substance to be transferred is stored by means electromagnetic fields. The interaction between the UHD and the organism seems to be electromagnetic in nature. The transmission of information from (bio-)molecules to the UHD is of special interest. Again, electromagnetic actions and vector potential fields appear to be implicated.

Conclusion: The mechanisms of information storage and transfer in UHDs are far from fully understood, but progress has been made at experimental and theoretical levels.

 
  • References

  • 1 Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1994.
  • 2 Bellavite P., Marzotto M., Olioso D., Moratti E., Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited. 1. Physicochemical aspects. Homeopathy 2014; 103: 4-21.
  • 3 Del Giudice E. Is the “memory of water” a physical impossibility?. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 4 Montagnier L., Del Giudice E., Aissa J. et al. Transduction of DNA information through water and electromagnetic waves. Electromagn Biol Med 2015; 34 (02) 106-112.
  • 5 Benveniste J. Further biological effects induced by UHDs. Inhibition by a magnetic field. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 6 Citro M., Smith C.W., Scott-Morley A., Pongratz W., Endler P.C. Transfer of information from molecules by means of electronic amplification. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 7 Endler P.C., Pongratz W., Smith C.W., Schulte J. Non-molecular information transfer from thyroxine to frogs with regard to ‘homoeopathic’ toxicology. Vet Hum Toxicol 1995; 37: 259-260.
  • 8 Endler P.C., Heckmann C., Lauppert E. et al. The metamorphosis of amphibians and information from thyroxine. Storage via the bipolar fluid water and on a technical data carrier; transference via an electronic amplifier. In: Schulte J., Endler P.C. (eds). Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilution and Homoeopathy. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1998.
  • 9 Thomas Y. From high dilutions to digital biology: the physical nature of the biological signal. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 295-300.
  • 10 Auerbach D. Mass, fluid and wave motion during the preparation of UHDs. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 11 Elia V., Ausanio G., Gentile F., Germano R., Napoli E., Niccoli M. Experimental evidence of stable water nanostructures in extremely dilute solutions, at standard pressure and temperature. Homeopathy 2014; 103: 44-50.
  • 12 Demangeat J.L. Gas nanobubbles and aqueous nanostructures: the crucial role of dynamization. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 101-115.
  • 13 Bell I.R., Schwartz G.E. Enhancement of adaptive biological effects by nanotechnology preparation methods in homeopathic medicines. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 123-138.
  • 14 Anagnostatos G.S. Small water clusters (clathrates) in the homeopathic preparation process. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 15 Schulte J. Conservation of structure in aqueous UHDs. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 16 Berezin A.A. UHD effect and isotopic self-organisation. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 17 Del Diudice E., Fleischmann M., Preparata G., Talpo G. On the “unreasonable” effects of ELF magnetic fields upon a system of ions. Bioelectromagnetics 2002; 23: 522-530.
  • 18 Del Giudice E., Tedeschi A. Water and autocatalysis in living matter. Electromagn Biol Med 2009; 28: 46-52.
  • 19 Yinnon T.A., Yinnon C.A. Electric dipole aggregates in very diluted polar liquids: theory and experimental evidence. Int J Mod Phys B 2011; 25: 3707-3743.
  • 20 Popp F.A. Some biophysical elements of homeopathy. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 21 Demangeat J.L. NMR proton relaxation in unheated and heated ultrahigh aqueous dilutions of histamine: evidence for an air-dependent supramolecular organization of water. J Mol Liq 2009; 144: 32-39.
  • 22 Roy R., Tiller W., Bell I.R., Hoover M.R. The structure of liquid water. Novel insights from materials research; potential relevance to homeopathy. Mater Res Innov 2005; 9: 98-103.
  • 23 Elia V. Physico-chemical properties of perturbed water: facts and enigmas. Int J High Dilution Res 2012; 11: 110-112.
  • 24 Smith C.W. Electromagnetic and magnetic vector potential bio-information and water. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 25 Smith C.W. Electromagnetic and magnetic vector potential bio-information and water. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 301-304.
  • 26 Smith C.W., Endler P.C. Resonance phenomena of an UHD. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 27 Spoerk K., Pongratz W., Endler P.C. Effects of thyroxine related frequencies on amphibia. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 28 Van Wijk R., Wiegant F.A.C. Physiological effects of homeopathic medicines in closed phials. A critical evaluation. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 29 van Wijk R., Wiegant F.A.C. Physiological effects of homeopathic medicines in closed phials – a critical evaluation. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 292-294.
  • 30 Endler P.C., Pongratz W., van Wijk R. et al. A zoological example on UHD research. Energetic coupling between the dilution and the organism in a model of amphibian. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994.
  • 31 Endler P.C., Scherer-Pongratz W., Harrer B., Lingg G., Lothaller H. Amphibians and ultra high diluted thyroxine – further experiments and re-analysis of data. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 250-256.
  • 32 Pongratz W., Endler P.C. Reappraisal of a classical botanical experiment in UHD research. Energetic coupling in a wheat model. In: Endler P.C., Schulte J. (eds). Ultra High Dilution – Physiology and Physics. Netherlands: Springer; 1994
  • 33 Herrmann B. Auswirkung von homöopathisch zubereitetem Thyroxin in Glasphiolen auf die Metamorphose vorstimulierter Rana temporaria-Larven. Thesis (MSc) Interuniversity College Graz/Castle of Seggau; 2005.
  • 34 Dieterle D. Überprüfung einer Hypothese zum indirekten Einfluß potenzierter Thyroxinlösungen auf die Metamorphosegeschwindigkeit von Rana temporaria . Thesis University of Tubingen; 1999.
  • 35 Schulte J. Bioinformation between quantum and continuum physics. The mesoscopic picture. In: Schulte J., Endler P.C. (eds). Fundamental Research in Ultra High Dilution and Homeopathy. Dordrecht: Kluwer; 1998.
  • 36 Walach H., Teut M. Scientific proving of ultra high dilutions on humans. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 322-327.
  • 37 Mathie R.T. Controlled clinical studies of homeopathy. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 328-332.
  • 38 Bellavite P., Marzotto M., Olioso D., Moratti E., Conforti A. High-dilution effects revisited. 2. Pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Homeopathy 2014; 103: 22-43.
  • 39 Bellavite P., Signorini A., Marzotto M., Moratti E., Bonafini C., Olioso D. Cell sensitivity, non-linearity and inverse effects. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 139-160.
  • 40 Milgrom L.R. Patient-practitioner-remedy (PPR) entanglement. Part 1: a qualitative, non-local metaphor for homeopathy based on quantum theory. Homeopathy 2002; 91: 239-248.
  • 41 Walach H. Entanglement model of homeopathy as an example of generalized entanglement predicted by weak quantum theory. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd 2003; 10: 192-200.
  • 42 Weingärtner O. What is the therapeutically active ingredient of homeopathic potencies?. Homeopathy 2003; 92: 145-151.
  • 43 Lewith G.T., Brian S., Hyland M.E. Presentiment or entanglement? An alternative explanation for apparent entanglement in provings. Homeopahty 2005; 94: 92-95.
  • 44 Schulte J. Observations on entanglement, non-locality and ultra-high dilutions. Homeopathy 2015; 104: 316-321.