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Homeopathy 2015; 104(01): 15-23
DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2014.05.002
Original Paper
Copyright © The Faculty of Homeopathy 2014

Effects of homeopathic Anax imperator on behavioural and pain models in mice

Oguz Mutlu
1   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
a   Tel.: +90 262 303 72 50
,
Guner Ulak
1   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
b   Tel.: +90 262 303 74 66
,
Sibel Kokturk
2   Department of Histology and Embriyology, Ordu University Medical Faculty, 52000 Ordu, Turkey
c   Tel.: +90 505 514 90 25
,
Ipek Komsuoglu Celikyurt
1   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
d   Tel.: +90 262 3037457
,
Furuzan Akar
1   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
e   Tel.: +90 2623037464
,
Faruk Erden
1   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, 41380 Kocaeli, Turkey
f   Tel.: +90 262 303 80 05
› Author Affiliations
Subject Editor:
Further Information

Publication History

Received05 December 2013
revised07 March 2014

accepted04 May 2014

Publication Date:
19 December 2017 (online)

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Backgound: Homeopathy is a medical theory and practice that asserts that disease can be cured by remedies that produce symptoms in a healthy person similar to those suffered by a patient with a malady.

Methods: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of homeopathic Anax imperator (dragonfly) (Anax-i 30c and Anax-i 200c) in the forced swim test (FST), elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, hot plate (HP) test and open field test and examined NPY1 receptor expression, in naive mice.

Results: In the FST, treatment with Anax-i 30c or Anax-i 200c significantly diminished immobility time while in EPM test, Anax-i 200c increased the percentage of time spent in open arms as well as the percentage of open arm/total arms. In the HP test, Anax-i 30c or Anax-i 200c decreased the total time mice spent licking their hind paws while in open field test, treatment with Anax-i 200c increased the total distance and speed mice traveled compared to the control group. Three weeks of daily injections with Anax-i 30c or Anax-i 200c caused significant weight loss in mice. Anax-i 30c or Anax-i 200c treatment significantly decreased NPY1 receptor expression, and Anax-i 30c also decreased NPY2 receptor expression.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the homeopathic Anax-i exerts antidepressant, anxiolytic and analgesic-like effects and causes hyperlocomotion and weight loss.

Keywords

Homeopathy - Anax imperator - Adipokinetic hormone - Behavioral models - Neuroreceptor - Mice
 

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