DOI: 10.1055/b-002-85513
Kennedy, David W.; Hwang, Peter H.; Stammberger, Heinz R.; et al.: 2012

Rhinology

Diseases of the Nose, Sinuses, and Skull Base Print ISBN 9781604060607 · Online ISBN 9781604067057
More Information

Book

Editors: Kennedy, David W.; Hwang, Peter H.; Stammberger, Heinz R.; Gralapp, Christine

Authors: Alizadehfar, Reza; Anand, Vijay K.; Bachert, Claus; Balsalobre, Leonardo; Baroody, Fuad M.; Batra, Pete S.; Bednarski, Karen Anne; Berry, Gerald J.; Bhalla, Rajiv K.; Capasso, Robson; Cappabianca, Paolo; Carrau, Ricardo L.; Carrillo, Oscar; Casiano, Roy R.; Castelnuovo, Paolo; Cavallo, Luigi Maria; Chan, Yvonne; Chandra, Rakesh K.; Chiu, Alexander G.; Chute, Deborah J.; Citardi, Martin J.; Cohen, Noam A.; Conley, David B.; Corriveau, Marie-Noëlle; DelGaudio, John M.; Desrosiers, Martin Y.; Durairaj, Vikram D.; Eloy, Jean Anderson; Emani, Janaki; Epstein, Victoria A.; Esposito, Felice; Esposito, Isabella; Ferguson, Berrylin J.; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan C.; Fischbein, Nancy J.; Fishman, Andrew J.; Fong, Karen J.; Frank, Giorgio; Gardner, Paul A.; Getz, Anne E.; Goldberg, Andrew N.; Goyal, Parul; Gudis, David A.; Gurrola II, Jose G.; Hamilos, Daniel L.; Han, Joseph K.; Harsh IV, Griffith R.; Harvey, Richard J.; Holbrook, Eric H.; Hwang, Peter H.; Javer, Amin R.; Joshua, Ben-Zion; Kalish, Larry Hilton; Kaplan, Michael J.; Kassam, Amin B.; Kennedy, David W.; Kern, Robert C.; Khanna, Manish; Kilty, Shaun J.; Kingdom, Todd T.; Koltai, Peter J.; Kountakis, Stilianos E.; Krakovitz, Paul R.; Kuhn, Frederick A.; Lane, Andrew P.; Lanza, Donald C.; Laws, Edward R.; Lee, John M.; Leopold, Donald A.; Leung, Man-Kit; Ling, Francis T.K.; Loevner, Laurie A.; Lund, Valerie J.; Marple, Bradley F.; Melroy, Christopher T.; Metson, Ralph B.; Mikityansky, Igor; Mindea, Stefan A.; Moskowitz, Howard S.; Most, Sam P.; Murr, Andrew H.; Naclerio, Robert M.; Nayak, Jayakar V.; Nicolai, Piero; Nogueira, João F.; O’Brien, Erin K.; Orlandi, Richard R.; Pallanch, John F.; Palmer, James N.; Pasquini, Ernesto; Patel, Mihir R.; Philpott, Carl; Pinto, Jayant M.; Pistochini, Andrea; Platt, Michael P.; Prevedello, Daniel M.; Ramakrishnan, Vijay R.; Ryan, Matthew W.; Sautter, Nathan B.; Schlosser, Rodney J.; Schwartz, Theodore H.; Seiberling, Kristin A.; Senior, Brent A.; Sethi, Dharmbir S.; Singh, Ameet; Smith, Timothy L.; Snyderman, Carl H.; Solari, Domenico; Stamm, Aldo C.; Stankiewicz, James A.; Stewart, Michael G.; Strong, Bradley; Sullivan, Shannon S.; Suskind, Dana L.; Tay, Hin Ngan; Tessema, Belachew; Thomas, Roy F.; Tollefson, Travis T.; Toskala, Elina M.; Tschabitscher, Manfred; Turner, Justin H.; Vaughan, Winston C.; Vescan, Allan D.; Welch, Kevin C.; Wise, Sarah K.; Witterick, Ian J.; Wold, Stephen M.; Woodard, Troy D.; Woodworth, Bradford A.; Wormald, Peter–John; Wright, Erin D.; Zanation, Adam M.

Title: Rhinology

Subtitle: Diseases of the Nose, Sinuses, and Skull Base

Print ISBN: 9781604060607; Online ISBN: 9781604067057; Book DOI: 10.1055/b-002-85513

2012 © 2012 Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Georg Thieme Verlag KG, Stuttgart

Subjects: Otorhinolaryngology, Phoniatrics, Audiology

Thieme Clinical Collections (English Language)



Front Matter
Sinonasal Development and Anatomy
Sinonasal Development
Sinonasal Anatomy
Conclusion
Sinonasal Physiology
Introduction
Protection of the Upper Airway
Conclusion
Radiologic Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses and Skull Base
Introduction
Anatomy
Imaging Sinonasal Disease: The Radiologist′s Arsenal
Imaging Disease Processes of the Paranasal Sinuses
Developmental Lesions
Sinonasal Neoplasms
Image Analysis of Sinonasal Neoplasms
Metastases
Complications of Treatment
Conclusion
Olfaction and Taste
Introduction
Anatomy of the Olfactory System
Clinical Olfactory Disorders
Workup and Therapeutic Options
Taste Disorders
Conclusion
Objective Measures of Nasal Function
Introduction
Patient Selection and Indications for Testing
Diagnostic Workup of the Symptoms of Nasal Obstruction
Types of Objective Testing of Nasal Function
Applications of Objective Nasal Airway Testing
Pitfalls in Objective Nasal Airway Testing
Conclusion
Allergic and Nonallergic Rhinitis
Introduction
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Outcomes
Conclusion
Principles of Allergy Skin Testing and Immunotherapy
Introduction
The Immunologic Basis for Allergic Responses
Allergic Skin Testing Procedures and Devices
Sensitivity and Specificity of Prick and Intradermal Testing Procedures
Allergy Testing in the Otorhinolaryngologist′s and Allergist′s Office
Implications of Different Skin Testing Methods
Allergen Immunotherapy
Conclusion
Unified Airway Disease
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Evaluation
Treatment
Conclusion
The Diagnosis of Rhinosinusitis
Introduction
Classification of Rhinosinusitis
History and Physical Exam
Imaging
Laboratory Studies
Nasal Function Studies
Quality of Life Measurement Tools
Evolving Diagnostic Studies
Conclusion
Sinonasal Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Introduction
Ciliopathy and Cystic Fibrosis
Noninfectious Granulomatous Disease
Immune Deficiency
Infectious Illnesses
Vascular Disorder: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Autoimmune Diseases
Conclusion
Infectious Rhinitis
Introduction
Viruses
Therapy for Viral Rhinitis
Other Pathogens
New Horizons
Conclusion
Acute Rhinosinusitis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment and Outcome
Complications
Conclusion
Etiologic Factors in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Introduction
Systemic Host Factors
Local Host Factors
Environmental Factors
Conclusion
Nasal Polyposis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Etiology of Nasal Polyposis: Current Concepts
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Outcomes
Conclusion
Microbiology of Rhinosinusitis and Antimicrobial Resistance
Introduction
Virology
Bacteriology
Mechanisms of Resistance
Conclusion
Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Introduction
Epidemiology and Classification
Immunology and Host-Pathogen Interactions in Fungal Sinus Disease
Fungus Ball
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Chronic Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Acute Invasive Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Conclusion
Medical Therapies for Rhinosinusitis: Anti-Infective
Introduction
General Recommendations
Antibiotics
Acute Rhinosinusitis
Antibiotic Recommendations
Antibiotic Recommendations
Antifungals
Conclusion
Medical Therapies for Rhinosinusitis: Anti-Inflammatory
Introduction
Mucosal Inflammation and Mucociliary Function in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Corticosteroids and Mechanism of Action in Sinonasal Disease
Management of Sinonasal Inflammation
Perioperative Corticosteroids in CRS and CRSwP
Drug-Eluting Nasal Dressings
Nonmedical Interventions as a Means of Anti-Inflammation
Future Developments
The Importance of the Care Pathway
Conclusion
Management of Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis Following Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Introduction
General Management of the Recalcitrant Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patient
Allergy
Fungal Rhinosinusitis (Noninvasive)
Biofilms
Long-Term Macrolide Therapy
Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Ciliary Dysmotility
Immunoglobulin Deficiencies
Recirculation
Odontogenic Infection
Conclusion
Pediatric Rhinosinusitis
Introduction
Development of the Paranasal Sinuses
Pathophysiology
Comorbid Diseases
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment of Rhinosinusitis
Complications
Conclusion
Complications of Rhinosinusitis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment of Complications
Outcomes
Conclusion
Office Rhinology and Surgical Biomaterials
Introduction
Anesthesia for Office Procedures
Basic Equipment for Office Rhinology
Common Rhinologic Office Procedures
Biomaterials in Rhinology
Conclusion
Surgical Navigation and Intraoperative Imaging
Introduction
Terminology
Equipment
Registration
Surgical Navigation Accuracy
Indications for Guided Surgery
Indications for Intraoperative Imaging
Clinical Reports of Image-Guided Surgery
Clinical Reports of Intraoperative Imaging
Limitations of Image-Guided Surgery
Special Image-Guided Surgery Techniques
Conclusion
Instrumentation in Sinus Surgery
Introduction
Endoscopes
Traditional Instrumentation
Powered Instrumentation
Stents
Balloon Dilation
Conclusion
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Concepts, Surgical Indications, and Techniques
Introduction
The Influence of Pathogenesis on Surgical Management
Surgical Indications
Preoperative Medical Therapy
Presurgical Evaluation
Anesthesia
Surgical Principles
Ethmoidectomy
Concepts in Maxillary Antrostomy
Sphenoidotomy
Frontal Sinusotomy
Turbinate Management
Endoscopic Septoplasty
Computer-Assisted Navigation and Intraoperative Imaging
Surgery for Specific Lesions
Postoperative Medical Management and Debridement
Conclusion
Revision Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Introduction
Preoperative Evaluation
Causes of Postsurgical Recurrent Sinusitis
General Concepts in Revision Sinus Surgery
Revision Surgery of the Maxillary Sinus
Revision Surgery of the Ethmoid Sinus
Revision Surgery of the Sphenoid Sinus
Revision Surgery of the Frontal Sinus
Complications and Success Rates of Revision Surgery
Postoperative Care and Medical Management for Revision Sinus Surgery
Conclusion
Endoscopic Frontal Sinusotomy
Introduction
Patient Selection/Indications
Diagnostic Workup
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Technique
Complications
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
Conclusion
Advanced Frontal Surgery Techniques
Introduction
Draf IIb
Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure (Draf III)
Endoscopic Transseptal Frontal Sinusotomy
Combined Above-and-Below Approach (Trephine + Endoscopic)
Conclusion
Complications of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Prevention and Management
Introduction
Preoperative Considerations
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
Conclusion
Congenital Sinonasal Disorders
Introduction
Disorders of the Nose and Nasal Cavity
Disorders of Paranasal Structures
Craniofacial Malformations
Conclusion
Benign Sinonasal Tumors
Introduction
Inverted Papilloma
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Conclusion
Malignant Sinonasal Tumors
Introduction
Histology and Patient Selection
Diagnostic Workup
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Techniques
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
Conclusion
Endoscopic Applications in Orbital Surgery
Introduction
Orbital Anatomy
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy
Orbital Decompression
Endoscopic Optic Nerve Decompression
Conclusion
Surgery of the Septum and Turbinates
Introduction
Surgery of the Septum
Surgery of the Inferior Turbinate
Surgery of the Middle Turbinate
Conclusion
Functional Rhinoplasty
Introduction
Clinical Evaluation and Classification of Nasal Airway Obstruction
Surgical Management of Nasal Obstruction in Functional Rhinoplasty
Outcomes
Conclusion
Sinonasal Trauma
Introduction
Nasal Fractures
Frontal Sinus Fractures
Naso-Orbito-Ethmoid Complex Fractures
Orbital Blowout Fractures
Conclusion
Epistaxis
Introduction
Epidemiology
Surgical Anatomy
Diagnostic Evaluation
Initial Management
Surgical Management
Embolization
Outcomes
Conclusion
Rhinologic Aspects of Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Diagnostic Workup
Interventions and Outcomes
Conclusion
External Approaches to the Paranasal Sinuses
Introduction
The Caldwell-Luc Approach
External Ethmoidectomy
External Frontoethmoidectomy
Frontal Sinus Trephination
Frontal Sinus Osteoplastic Flap
Conclusion
Evidence-Based Medicine in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery
Introduction
Understanding Evidence-Based Medicine
Evidence-Based Medicine in Surgical Fields
The Evidence Level for Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery
Issues with Evidence-Based Medicine in Everyday Practice
Next Steps for Evidence-Based Medicine and Rhinology
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Skull Base and Parasellar Region
Introduction
Endoscopic Anatomy of the Skull Base
The Parasellar Region
Conclusion
Pathology of the Sinonasal Region and Anterior and Central Skull Base
Introduction
Benign Tumors
Malignant Tumors
Conclusion
The Nasopharynx
Introduction
Anatomy of the Nasopharynx
Pathology of the Nasopharynx
Surgical Approaches to the Nasopharynx
Complications
Conclusion
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks and Encephaloceles
Introduction
Classification, Etiology, and Pathophysiology
Diagnosis and Preoperative Tests
Surgical Anatomy and Principles
Complications
Outcomes
Conclusion
Endoscopic Approaches to the Anterior Cranial Fossa
Introduction
Patient Selection and Indications
Diagnostic Workup
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Technique
External Anterior Craniofacial Resection
Endoscopic-Assisted Anterior Craniofacial Resection
Endoscopic Anterior Skull Base Resection Without Craniotomy
Complications
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
Conclusion
Endoscopic Approaches to the Sella and Suprasellar Region
Introduction
Relevant Embryogenesis and Anatomy of the Sphenoid Sinus and Pituitary
Surgical Anatomy of the Sphenoid Sinus, Sella Turcica, and Parasellar Regions
Clinical Presentation
Preoperative Evaluation
Surgical Approach
Postoperative Care
Outcomes in Transsphenoidal Surgery
Conclusion
Endoscopic Approaches to the Petrous Apex and Cavernous Sinus
Introduction
Patient Selection/Indications
Diagnostic Workup
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Technique
Complications
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
Conclusion
Endoscopic Approaches to the Clivus and Posterior Fossa
Introduction
Patient Selection/Indications
Contraindications
Diagnostic Evaluation
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Technique
Complications
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
Conclusion
Endoscopic Approaches to the Pterygopalatine and Infratemporal Fossae
Introduction
Patient Selection/Indications
Diagnostic Workup
Gross Surgical Anatomy
External Approaches
Endoscopic Anatomy, Approach, and Technique
Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction
Complications
Postoperative Care
Conclusion
Transnasal Endoscopic Approach to the Craniocervical Junction
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Diagnostic Workup
Treatment
Complications
Outcomes
Conclusion
Extended Applications of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Introduction
Patient Selection/Indications
Diagnostic Workup
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Technique
Complications
Postoperative Care
Outcomes
Conclusion
Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction
Introduction
Endoscopic Reconstruction with Free Tissue Grafts
Endoscopic Reconstruction with Vascular Pedicled Flaps
High-Risk Factors for a Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage
Skull Base Reconstructive Algorithm
Conclusion
Complications of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Introduction
Vascular Complications
Hemorrhage from the Internal Carotid Artery
Neurologic Complications
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Infections
Conclusion
Cranial and Combined Approaches
Introduction
Indications
Preoperative Clinical and Radiologic Assessment
Surgical Anatomy
Surgical Approaches: Details of Technique
Complications: Frequency, Avoidance, and Management
Outcome of Transcranial Skull Base Surgery Plus Adjuvant Therapy
Conclusion
Annex