Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the accuracy of the maximal constant
heart rate method for predicting anaerobic threshold (AnT) in running. This method
only requires a common heart rate (HR) monitor and is based on the identification
of the maximal constant HR maintainable for 30 min (HRMC). HRMC, 4-mmol threshold, and maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) were determined in 31
probands. 17 probands underwent an additional MLSS retest within 2 weeks. The correlation
between HR at MLSS and at MLSS retest was very close (r = 0.807; SEE = 5.25 beats
· min-1; p < 0.001). So were the correlations between HR at 4-mmol threshold and MLSS (r
= 0.844; SEE = 6.43 beats · min-1; p < 0.001) and between HRMC and HR at MLSS (r = 0.820; SEE = 6.73 beats · min-1; p < 0.001). Mean velocities at maximum constant HR trials and MLSS (r = 0.895; SEE
= 0.185 m · s-1; p < 0.001) as well as 4-mmol threshold and MLSS (r = 0.899; SEE = 0.186 m · s-1; p < 0.001) were highly correlated. In conclusion, data presented in this study confirm
that the determination of HRMC is a manageable method giving a highly accurate estimation of both HR and velocity
at MLSS in running.
Key words
Anaerobic threshold - maximal lactate steady state - maximal constant heart rate
References
- 1
Aunola S, Rusko H.
Does anaerobic threshold correlate with maximal lactate steady state?.
J Sports Med.
1992;
10
309-323
- 2
Bacon L, Kern M.
Evaluating a test protocol for predicting maximum lactate steady state.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness.
1999;
39
300-308
- 3
Beneke R, Hofmann C, Kowalewsky J, Kowalewsky K, Behn C.
Blutlaktatkonzentration, Herzfrequenz und Beanspruchungsempfinden bei Ruder- und Fahrradergometrie.
Dt Z Sportmed.
1994;
45
16-17
- 4
Beneke R, von Duvillard S P.
Determination of maximal lactate steady state response in selected sport events.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
1996;
28
241-246
- 5
Beneke R, Huetler M, Leithaeuser R M.
Maximal lactate-steady-state independent of performance.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
2000;
32
1135-1139
- 6
Beneke R, Leithäuser R M, Hütler M.
Dependence of the maximal lactate steady state on the motor pattern of exercise.
Br J Sports Med.
2001;
35
192-196
- 7
Bishop D.
The validity of physiological variables to assess training intensity in Kayak athletes.
Int J Sports Med.
2004;
25
68-72
- 8
Bourgois J, Vrijens J.
The Conconi Test: A controversial concept for the determination of the anaerobic threshold
in young rowers.
Int J Sports Med.
1998;
19
553-559
- 9
Carey D.
Assessment of the accuracy of the Conconi test in determining gas analysis anaerobic
threshold.
J Strength Cond Res.
2002;
16
641-644
- 10
Dekerle J, Baron B, Dupont L, Vanvelcenaher J.
Maximal lactate steady state, respiratory compensation threshold and critical power.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2003;
98
281-288
- 11
Foster C, Crowe M P, Holum D, Sandvig S, Schrager M, Snyder A C, Zajakowski S.
The bloodless lactate profile.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
1995;
27
927-933
- 12
Harnish C R, Swensen T C, Pate R R.
Methods for estimating the maximal lactate steady state in trained cyclists.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
2001;
33
1052-1055
- 13
Heck H, Hess G, Mader A.
Vergleichende Untersuchung zu verschiedenen Laktat-Schwellenkonzepten.
Dt Z Sportmed.
1985;
2
40-50
- 14
Heck H, Mader G, Hess G, Mücke S, Müller R, Hollmann W.
Justification of the 4-mmol/l lactate threshold.
Int J Sports Med.
1985;
6
117-130
- 15
Heck H H, Beckers K, Lammerschmidt W, Pruin E, Hess G, Hollmann W.
Bestimmbarkeit, Objektivität und Validität der Conconi-Schwelle auf dem Fahrradergometer.
Dt Z Sportmed.
1989;
40
388-402
- 16 Heck H. Laktat in der Leistungsdiagnostik. Schorndorf; Karl Hofmann 1990: 26-61
- 17
Hoogeveen A R, Hoogsteen J, Schep G.
The maximal lactate steady state in elite endurance athletes.
Jap J Physiol.
1997;
47
481-485
- 18
Jones A M, Doust J H.
The conconi test is not valid for estimation of the lactate turnpoint in runners.
J Sports Sci.
1997;
15
385-394
- 19
Jones A M, Doust J H.
The validity of the lactate minimum test for determination of the maximal lactate
steady state.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
1998;
30
1304-1313
- 20
König B O, Schumacher Y O, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Berg A.
Herzfrequenzvariabilität - Schon reif für die Praxis?.
Leistungssport.
2003;
3
4-9
- 21
MacIntosh B R, Esau S, Svedahl K.
The lactate minimum test for cycling: estimation of the maximal lactate steady state.
Can J Appl Physiol.
2002;
27
232-249
- 22
Mader A, Liesen H, Heck H, Philippi H, Rost R, Schürch P, Hollmann W.
Zur Beurteilung der sportartspezifischen Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit im Labor.
Sportarzt Sportmed.
1976;
4
80-88
- 23
Mader A, Liesen H, Heck H, Philippi H, Rost R, Schürch P, Hollmann W.
Zur Beurteilung der sportartspezifischen Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit im Labor.
Sportarzt Sportmed.
1976;
5
109-112
- 24
Pringle J SM, Jones A M.
Maximal lactate steady state, critical power and EMG during cycling.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2002;
88
214-226
- 25
Röcker K, Niess A M, Horstmann T, Striegel H, Mayer F, Dickhuth H H.
Heart rate prescriptions from performance and anthropometrical characteristics.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
2002;
34
881-887
- 26
Röcker K, Striegel H, Dickhuth H H.
Heart-rate recommendations: transfer between running and cycling exercise.
Int J Sports Med.
2003;
24
173-178
- 27
Skinner J S, Gaskill S E, Rankinen T, Leon A S, Rao D C, Wilmore J H, Bouchard C.
Heart rate versus %VO2max: age, sex, race, initial fitness, and training response-heritage.
Med Sci Sports Exerc.
2003;
35
1908-1913
- 28
Smith C GM, Jones A M.
The relationship between critical velocity, maximal lactate steady state velocity
and lactate turnpoint velocity in runners.
Eur J Appl Physiol.
2001;
85
19-26
- 29
Vobejda C, Zimmermann E.
Die Maximale Konstante Herzfrequenz - ein neues herzfrequenzbasiertes Verfahren zur
Abschätzung der Ausdauerleistungsgrenze beim Radfahren.
Leistungssport.
2003;
33
4-9
Dr. Christian Vobejda
Sportmedizin Universität Bielefeld
Universitätsstraße 25
33615 Bielefeld
Germany
Phone: + 495211066108
Fax: + 49 52 11 06 61 29
Email: christian.vobejda@uni-bielefeld.de