Application of Transcranial Sonography in Extrapyramidal Disorders: Updated Recommendations

Zusammenfassung

Eine stetig wachsende Anzahl von Untersuchungen belegt, dass die Transkranielle Sonographie (TCS) als hilfreiches Instrument in der Diagnose und Differenzialdiagnose von extrapyramidalen Erkrankungen eingesetzt werden kann. Durch diese Methode werden klinische und pathophysiologische Daten, die durch andere bildgebende Untersuchungen erhoben werden, ergänzt. Aufgrund des wachsenden Interesses an der Methode und einer zunehmende Verbreitung der Anwendung bei extrapyramidalen Erkrankungen sind standardisierte Prinzipien bezüglich des Untersuchungsablaufs und der Parametereinstellung der verwendeten Ultraschallgeräte essentiell, um vergleichbare Ergebnisse zu gewährleisten. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über diese Prinzipien und typische Befunde bei häufigen extrapyramidalen Erkrankungen.

Abstract

Transcranial sonography (TCS) has been proven to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extrapyramidal disorders, supplementing clinical and pathophysiological information that may be obtained by other neuroimaging techniques. Growing interest and increased application of TCS in extrapyramidal disorders require adherence to standardised principles concerning examination procedure and parameter settings of the ultrasound machine in order to ensure comparable results. This article provides an overview of these principles and typical findings in distinct extrapyramidal disorders.

Schlüsselwörter

Transkranielle Sonographie (TCS) - Extrapyramidale Störungen - Standardisierte Schnittebenen - Hyperechogenität der Substantia nigra - Hyperechogenität des Nucleus lentiformis

Key words

Transcranial sonography (TCS) - extrapyramdial disorders - standardised scanning planes - substantia nigra hyperechogenicity - lentiform nucleus hyperechogenicity

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