Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Evaluation der Multi-Detektor-CT (MDCT) zur Diagnostik angeborener Gefäßanomalien
(VA) und ihrer Begleitbefunde bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern. Material und Methoden: 75 Patienten (Pat., mittleres Alter: 9 ± 6 Monate [œ bis 24 Mon.]) mit VA wurden
mittels MDCT (4-, 8- und 16-Zeilen; Kollimination 0,5 - 1,25 mm; Scanzeit 7 - 30 s)
unter kontrollierter Ventilation oder freier Atmung untersucht. Die Bildqualität wurde
nach einem 5-Punkte-Score bewertet. Als Goldstandard diente die Kombination von Echokardiographie,
Katheterangiographie (kKA), Bronchoskopie und intraoperativem Befund. Ergebnisse: Bei allen Pat. konnten die Morphologie und Topographie der VA klar beurteilt und
die Diagnose mit hoher Sicherheit gestellt werden. Aufgrund der hohen Ortsauflösung
konnten selbst Gefäße mit einem Durchmesser unter 1 mm identifiziert werden. Begleitbefunde
wie eine Kompression des Tracheobronchialsystems konnten sicher beurteilt werden.
Bei 31/75 Pat. war keine zusätzliche kKA zur Operationsplanung oder zum Ausschluss
einer VA erforderlich. Bei weiteren 29 Pat. konnten die Durchleuchtungs- und Narkosezeit
der interventionellen Therapie verkürzt werden. Schlussfolgerung: Die MDCT erlaubt eine nicht-invasive Diagnostik angeborener Gefäßanomalien und ihrer
begleitenden Komplikationen des Tracheobronchialbaumes bei Neugeborenen und Kleinkindern.
Aufgrund der hohen räumlichen Auflösung und der Möglichkeit der dreidimensionalen
Nachverarbeitung erscheint die MDCT in der Diagnostik der Gefäßanomalien zumindest
äquivalent zur invasiven Katheterangiographie.
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the value of multidetector CT (MDCT) for evaluation of vascular anomalies
(VA) and associated complications in newborns and infants. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five children (mean age: 9 ± 6 months, range: 2 weeks to 24 months) with
VA were examined using MDCT (4-, 8- or 16-row; collimation 0.5 - 1.25 mm; scan time
7 - 30 s), which was performed under controlled ventilation or free breathing. Image
quality was rated using a 5-point scale. Image findings were correlated to echocardiography,
conventional catheter angiography (CCA), bronchoscopy, and intraoperative findings. Results: High quality MDCT data were almost free of cardiac and respiratory motion. In all
cases, VA morphology and topography in relation to adjacent structures, e. g. tracheal
and esophageal compression caused by an aortic ring, could be assessed exactly and
allowed the final diagnosis. Even aberrant vessels, such as aorto-pulmonary collaterals
(MAPCA) with a diameter of less than 1 mm, could be identified and excellently visualized.
Eighty percent (60/75) of all patients had benefited from the MDCT: in 31 patients
CCA was neither necessary to perform surgical planning nor to exclude a VA; in an
additional 29 patients radiation doses and sedation time due to interventional procedures
could be reduced markedly. Conclusions: MDCT can now be regarded as the modality of choice as a minimally invasive, robust,
and accurate technique for the diagnosis of complex VA, their potentially life-threatening
complications and preoperative planning even in newborns and infants. Its accuracy
for detecting VA appears equivalent to CCA while it is more accurate in delineating
potential life-threatening complications.
Key words
Angiocardiography - CT-angiography - CT-high resolution - cardiac - congenital heart
disease - newborns and infants
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Dr. Joachim G. Eichhorn
Universitätskinderklinik, Pädiatrische Kardiologie
Im Neuenheimer Feld 153
69120 Heidelberg
Telefon: ++ 49/62 21/56 23 48
Fax: ++ 49/62 21/56 57 90
eMail: eichhorn.12@osu.edu