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CC BY 4.0 · Thromb Haemost 2025; 125(05): 421-434
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1789592
Review Article

Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Glioblastoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Authors

  • Maaike Y. Kapteijn 

    1   Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  • Nina Bakker

    1   Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  • Johan A. F. Koekkoek

    2   Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  • Henri H. Versteeg‡   *

    1   Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  • Jeroen T. Buijs  ‡   *

    1   Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Patients with glioblastoma are among the cancer patients with the highest risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Long-term thromboprophylaxis is not generally prescribed because of the increased susceptibility of glioblastoma patients to intracranial hemorrhage. This review provides an overview of the current clinical standard for glioblastoma patients, as well as the molecular and genetic background which underlies the high incidence of VTE. The two main procoagulant proteins involved in glioblastoma-related VTE, podoplanin and tissue factor, are described, in addition to the genetic aberrations that can be linked to a hypercoagulable state in glioblastoma. Furthermore, possible novel biomarkers and future treatment strategies are discussed, along with the potential of sequencing approaches toward personalized risk prediction for VTE. A glioblastoma-specific VTE risk stratification model may help identifying those patients in which the increased risk of bleeding due to extended anticoagulation is outweighed by the decreased risk of VTE.

Keywords

glioblastoma - venous thromboembolism - thromboprophylaxis - genomics

* These authors contributed equally to this study.




Publication History

Received: 11 April 2024

Accepted: 06 August 2024

Article published online:
21 August 2024

© 2024. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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