Semin Neurol 2008; 28(4): 467-483
DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1083695
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Neuroimaging in Dementia

Paolo Vitali1 , 2 , Raffaella Migliaccio1 , 4 , Federica Agosta1 , 3 , Howard J. Rosen1 , Michael D. Geschwind1
  • 1UCSF Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, San Francisco, California
  • 2Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroradiology, Neurological Institute C. Besta, Milan, Italy
  • 3Neuroimaging Research Unit, Scientific Institute and University Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
  • 4Second Division of Neurology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Publikationsdatum:
08. Oktober 2008 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Although dementia is a clinical diagnosis, neuroimaging often is crucial for proper assessment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) may identify nondegenerative and potentially treatable causes of dementia. Recent neuroimaging advances, such as the Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) ligand for positron emission tomography imaging in Alzheimer's disease, will improve our ability to differentiate among the neurodegenerative dementias. High-resolution volumetric MRI has increased the capacity to identify the various forms of the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and some forms of parkinsonism or cerebellar neurodegenerative disorders, such as corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and spinocerebellar ataxias. In many cases, the specific pattern of cortical and subcortical abnormalities on MRI has diagnostic utility. Finally, among the new MRI methods, diffusion-weighted MRI can help in the early diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Although only clinical assessment can lead to a diagnosis of dementia, neuroimaging is clearly an invaluable tool for the clinician in the differential diagnosis.

REFERENCES

Michael D GeschwindM.D. Ph.D. 

University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF Memory and Aging Center

Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143-1207

eMail: michael.geschwind@ucsf.edu