Download PDF
Horm Metab Res 2007; 39(1): 53-55
DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957346
Original Clinical

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Positive Correlation of Galanin with Glucose in Healthy Volunteers during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

I. N. Legakis 1 , T. Mantzouridis 2 , T. Mountokalakis 3
  • 1Henry Dynant Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, Athens, Greece
  • 2Laboratory of Medical Biopathology, Medical School, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 3Sotiria Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Further Information

Publication History

Received 12. 6. 2006

Accepted 16. 10. 2006

Publication Date:
16 January 2007 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Galanin has been found in increased amounts in subjects with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to determine the levels of galanin in healthy volunteers during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We enrolled 11 healthy volunteers, 4 males aged 48±3.56 years with BMI 27±0.5 kg/m2 and 7 females aged 41.3±3.05 years with BMI 27.6±0.9 kg/m2. All were in good health without cardiac, hepatic, renal or other chronic disease. None were taking any medication affecting glucose tolerance (β-blockers, thiazide diuretics, and corticoids) and none had a first degree relative with type 2 diabetes. Glucose tolerance was determined by using the International Expert Committee criteria. Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes for the measurement of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide and human galanin (hGal). During the OGTT, hGal exhibited a significant increase from time 0 to 90 minutes (p < 0.001) and returned to the basal values at 180 minutes, while a positive correlation of blood glucose with hGal was observed during the time scale of OGTT. A significant increase was detected both in insulin and C-peptide from the early beginning of the test at 30 minutes, which remained steady until 90 minutes, and returned gradually to the basal values at 180 minutes. No relationship was found either between hGal and serum insulin, or between hGal and serum C-peptide among the healthy subjects, during the OGTT.

Key words

tolerance - insulin - C-peptide - fasting state - homeostasis

References

  • 1 Vrontakis ME. Galanin. a biologically active peptide.  Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord. 2002;  1 531-541
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Greenberg GR, McDonald TJ. Effect of galanin and vagal integrity on insulin release in dogs.  Pancreas. 1988;  3 122-127
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Holst JJ, Bersani M, Hvidberg A, Knigge U, Christiansen E, Madsbad S, Harling H, Kofod H. On the effects of human galanin in man.  Diabetologia. 1993;  36 653-657
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 McDonald TJ, Tu E, Brenner S, Zabel P, Behme M, Panchal C, Hramiak I, Barnett WB, Miller D, Dupre J. Canine, human, and rat plasma insulin responses to galanin administration: species response differences.  Am J Physiol. 1994;  266 E612-E617
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Taborsky Jr GJ, Dunning BE, Havel PJ, Ahren B, Kowalyk S, Boyle MR, Verchere CB, Baskin DG, Mundinger TO. The canine sympathetic neuropeptide galanin: a neurotransmitter in pancreas, a neuromodulator in liver.  Horm Metab Res. 1999;  31 351-354
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Bauer FE, Zintel A, Kenny MJ, Calder D, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Inhibitory effect of galanin on postprandial gastrointestinal motility and gut hormone release in humans.  Gastroenterology. 1989;  97 260-264
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Wilding JP. Neuropeptides and appetite control.  Diabet Med. 2002;  19 619-627
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Meczekalski B, Slopien R, Warenik-Szymankiewicz A. The concentration of galanin in postmenopausal women before and after application of hormone replacement therapy compared to women of reproductive age.  Med Sci Monit. 2001;  7 928-932
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Milewicz A, Mikulski E, Bidzinska B. Plasma insulin, cholecystokinin, galanin, neuropeptide Y and leptin levels in obese women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;  24 ((Suppl 2)) S152-S153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Legakis I, Matzouridis T, Moutokalakis T. Positive correlation of galanin with glucose in type 2 diabetes.  Diabetes Care. 2005;  23 759-760
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Legakis IN. The role of galanin in metabolic disorders leading to type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Drug News Perspect. 2005;  18 173-177
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 The Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus . Report of the Expert Committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.  Diabetes Care. 2003;  26 ((Supp 1)) S5-S20
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Liang KY, Zeger SL. Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models.  Biometrika. 1986;  73 13-22
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Shapiro SS, Wilk MB. An analysis of variance test for normality.  Biometrika. 1965;  52 591-611
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Adeghate E, Ponery AS. Large reduction in the number of galanin-immunoreactive cells in pancreatic islets of diabetic rats.  J Neuroendocrinol. 2001;  13 706-710
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Manabe T, Okada Y, Sawai H, Funahashi H, Yamamoto M, Hayakawa T, Yoshimura T. Effect of galanin on plasma glucose, insulin and pancreatic glucagon in dogs.  J Int Med Res. 2003;  31 126-132
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Ruczynsk J, Cybal M, Wojcikowskib C, Rekowski P. Effects of porcine galanin, galanin (1-15) NH2 and its new analogues on glucose-induced insulin secretion.  Pol J Pharmacol. 2002;  54 133-141
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Milewicz A, Mikulski E, Bidzinska B. Plasma insulin, cholecystokinin, galanin, neuropeptide Y and leptin levels in obese women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.  Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;  24 ((Suppl 2)) S152-S153
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Gilbey SG, Stephenson J, O’Halloran DJ, Burrin JM, Bloom SR. High-dose porcine galanin infusion and effect on intravenous glucose tolerance in humans.  Diabetes. 1989;  38 1114-1116
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Tang C, Akabayashi A, Manitiu A, Leibowitz SF. Hypothalamic galanin gene expression and peptide levels in relation to circulating insulin: possible role in energy balance.  Neuroendocrinology. 1997;  65 265-275
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Wang J, Leibowitz KL. Central insulin inhibits hypothalamic galanin and neuropeptide Y gene expression and peptide release in intact rats.  Brain Res. 1997;  777 231-236
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Milewicz A, Bidzinska B, Mikulski E, Demissie M, Tworowska U. Influence of obesity and menopausal status on serum leptin, cholecystokinin, galanin and neuropeptide Y levels.  Gynecol Endocrinol. 2000;  14 196-203
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Baranowska B, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E, Radzikowska M, Plonowski A, Roguski K. Neuropeptide Y, galanin, and leptin release in obese women and in women with anorexia nervosa.  Metabolism. 1997;  46 1384-1389
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Baranowska B, Radzikowska M, Wasilewska-Dziubinska E, Roguski K, Polonowski A. Relationship among leptin, neuropeptide Y, and galanin in young women and in postmenopausal women.  Menopause. 2000;  7 149-155
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Celi F, Bini V, Papi F, Ferreti A, Mencacci M, Berioli MG, Giorgi De G, Falorni A. Circulating acylated and total ghrelin and galanin in children with insulin-treated type 1 diabetes: relationship to insulin therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development.  Clin Endocrin. 2005;  63 139-145
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Ferrannini E, Cobelli C. The kinetics of insulin in man II. Role of the liver.  Diabetes Metab Rev. 1987;  3 365-397
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Polonsky KS, Frank B, Pugh W, Addis A, Karrsion T, Meier P, Tager H, Rubenstein A. The limitations to and valid use of C-peptide as a marker of the secretion of insulin.  Diabetes. 1986;  35 379-386
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Van Cauter E, Mestrez F, Sturis J, Polonsky KS. Estimation of insulin secretion rates from C-peptide levels. Comparison of individual and standard kinetic parameters for C-peptide clearance.  Diabetes. 1992;  41 368-377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Correspondence

I. N. Legakis

Department of Endocrinology

“Henry Dunant” Hospital

27, Navarinou Street

155 62 Athens

Greece

Phone: +3021065 26 655

Fax: +3021060 02 975

Email: ilegak@med.uoa.gr

      >